Richard III, Act II

Al Pacino as Richard III. Say hello to his little crown.

Respond to all in separate comments.

1.  How does Richard make Edward accept responsibility for Clarence’s death (II.1)?  Have you ever been blamed for something you didn’t do?  Or, even worse, have you gotten someone else in trouble for something you did?  What was that experience like?

2.  Why does the Duchess not tell Clarence’s children about their father’s death (II.2)?  Have you ever had to keep a horrible secret from someone or had such a secret kept from you?  What goes through your mind if you’re the one keeping the secret?  What goes through your mind when you find out an important secret has been kept from you?

3.  What specific anxieties preoccupy the citizens (II.3)?  Do you think any of there concerns connect with any of our concerns today?

4.  Even Richard’s own mother has nothing but horrible things to say about him (II.4).  What does this reveal about Richard?  About his mother?  Have you ever gotten into a fight with a parent or sibling or someone you deeply love, but whom you want to hurt in that moment with your words?   How does it feel being so hurt that you have to resort to saying the most horrible words you can think of at the moment?  How do you calm afterwards and make amends?

 

33 Comments

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33 Responses to Richard III, Act II

  1. ST

    1. Richard makes Edward accept the responsibility for killing Clarence by stating that Clarence was trying to kill him first. And the letter G sent Edward was from Clarence. I have been blamed for something that someone else did and I felt completely annoyed. I had to explain to the person accusing me that I wasn’t the one who committed such said crime.

    2. The Dutchess doesn’t want to tell the children about their father’s death because she doesn’t want them to experience pain and suffering over losing their dad. I’ve had an important secret kept from me and it was horrible because whether the opposite party believes so or not, keeping a secret creates an emotional distance. When I found out about the secret I felt a little betrayed because I should’ve been told the truth if the situation involved me.

    3. The citizens are anxious because King Edward died. i believe we do have somehwat are the same concern because the president can pass away or he can be impeached; however, those situations haven’t occurred in a while.

    4. The Dutchess reveals that Richard was even wretched when he was a child. In addition, it also revealed that the Dutchess hoped Richard would change, but doubts him because she’s given up. I have gotten into a fight with a person I deeply cared about and have resorted to saying some pretty horrible things. However, I think that in the heat of the moment saying those cruel things makes one feels better, but I usually feel terrible for saying whatever I did. In order to make ammends I try to reach out and apologize for whatever I said and admit that I was wrong even if I wasn’t.

  2. J.L.

    1. Richard tries to make Edward accept the responsibilty of Clarence’s death by establishing the false claim of Clarence trying to kill Edward first. He also proclaims that the letter G was sent from clarence instead of himself. This particular situation reminds me of the many quarrels I’ve had with the siblings and relatives, which in many predicaments resulted in us trying to post the blame on one another just so we wouldnt get in trouble ourselves.

    2. The reason why the Dutchess doesnt tell her children about their father’s death is because she belives that with hindering the aspect of his death, the children will not endure any kind of resentment or hurt towards it. Secrets such as these never benefit anyone because in the long run the truth of it still resides, along with the painful memories that follow. This reminds me of the time when my aunt passed away and my mother didnt want to tell me why my father was away and what was actually occuring. Eventually she did and when i found out the remorse that she tried so hard to keep me from still persisted.

    3. The citizens are anxious because the king is dead, so not knowing who to turn to in a case of turmoil persist is definetly scaring them. Quite honestly there isnt any connection that can be made to this because America hasnt faced a drastic change in leadership that as a regard of death in awhile.

    4. In the play the Dutchess reveals that Richard was always a wrecthed person even as a child, and as a result she has hoped that he would change as his age progressed but unfortunately it hasnt. Moreover, she has essentially given up on Richard. I can relate to this because whenever someone asked me for help in my MMA class i was more than welcomed but as I continued to help them and notice no change i would eventually give up on them.

  3. SM

    1) Richard makes Edward accept responsibility for Clarence’s death by announcing that it is his fault in the first place for condemning his brother and not getting the sentence withdrawn in time. I have been blamed for something someone else has done and it is very draining because as humans it is our nature to try and defend ourselves when we have done nothing wrong and to have no one believe you hurts you.
    2)The Duchess does not tell Clarence children of their fathers death because they are so young that they do not need to worry about adult matters.Plus everyone knows his death was at his brother Richards hand and that is something hard to explain. I have had secrets kept for me and it feels absolutely horrible that somebody does not trust you enough to tell you the truth. It hurts when secrets are kept because you are kept out of the loop of information.
    3)Anxieties that preoccupy the citizens are those that involve the matter of rulers since many in the line for the throne have been killed off who is next to take the crown. If Richard comes into power then the people are worried his vindictive and evil ways will destroy the country and if other kinsmen come to power they are not rightful heirs.
    4) Richards own mother having nothing nice to say about him shows how truly unlovable he is because a bond between mother and child is something unbreakable and for him not to have that shows how broken he is which is why he has devilish ways. Saying horrible things to someone I love is the most frustrating feeling in the world because you never wish to hurt someone you love it just happens some times and in order to make amends apologies are in order.

  4. A.N.G

    Richard makes King Edward accept the responsibility of Clarences death by making him feel guilty for condemning to the tower of London in the first place. Richard acts as though there is something that could have been done to stop this. Again, he shows howhe is able to out smart the people around him. If Richard is the first to deliver the message in the manner that he did, then no one would be able to suspect that he is behind it. I have been behind a lot trouble when I was younger because I was always the quiet one and sometimes I would see something and not say anything about it. I did feel bad especially when I saw someone get in trouble for something that I could have potentially prevented, but I felt like it wasn’t my place to say anything. I also blamed my younger sister a lot and provoked her because she is a lot more hot tempered and it didn’t take much to get her in trouble, so it was easier to frame her for my dirty work.

  5. G.H.

    1. Richard makes King Edward take blame for Clarence’s death by making it seem like it was King Edward’s fault for putting Clarence in jail thus allowing the murderers a chance to kill him in jail under no protection. Richard states, “But he, poor man, by your first order died,” (II.1.88) Richard puts all the blame  on King Edward by allowing him to believe that his demand for Clarence to be put in jail caused him to be vulnerable to death. I have once been blamed for breaking something and the feeling was unbearable. For once I had actually been telling the truth about my actions but because I often broke something at home, my family blamed me for this incident even when I was truthfully innocent. 

  6. A.N.G

    The Dutchess does not tell Clarence’s children about their father death because I think she simply wants to protect them and their feelings. On the other hand, I think she does not tell them, because she knows that her own son killed her other son which is the children’s uncle. I have had to keep a secret from someone and it’s the hardest thing to do especially if you’re always around them or if you associate yourself with them. The main thing that goes through my mind is trying to not bring it up or go in a direction where I have to avoid talking about it and create lies. And of course if I find out if a secret has been kept from me I feel betrayed like I was being excluded for a reason. Then, that causes me to question the people around me and so forth.

  7. SW

    1) Richard makes king Edward accept responsibility of clearances death by making him feel guilty. He says that’s it’s his fault clearance dies because he’s the one that out him in jail and left him vulnerable to the murders. He also makes it seem like king Edward could have done something to stop the murder when in reality he couldn’t have do anything. Richard is very persuasive when he explains to Edward that it’s his fault. And that’s why king Henry believes him.

  8. SW

    1) I’ve been in that situation and sometimes it’s hard to realize that you didn’t do anything because they other person is actually making sense when they try to blame you for something. And even though you KNOW you didn’t do anything, the things that they were saying sounded so right and so real that it’s hard to know the difference.

  9. SW

    2) The Duchess didn’t tell the children about their fathers death because she didn’t want them to have to deal with that kind of pain at such a young age. So she figured that if she kept it from them, she can save them from a huge heartache. I’ve had secrets kept from me, and it’s hard. Especially when you know that someone is keeping a secret from you but you don’t know what it is. And every time you see or speak to that person, the only thing that is going through your mind is ‘what is she/he no telling me?’ ‘Does he Not trust Me?’ and it gets frustrating after a while because they won’t tell you. Or sometimes they pretend like they’re not keeping a secret and that makes it even worse.

  10. A.N.G

    The citizens are worried about who will reign now that King Edward is dead. They know that Prince is too young and will probably be forced away from his throne until he is of age, but they are also worried about his uncle taking position because of his cruel nature. As far as the presidency goes I think there is a connection, but as far as the anxiety level I don’t think it is the same.

  11. G.H.

    3. The Duchess refuses to tell the children the truth about Clarence death because she wants to surpass the pain and sorrow that the children might feel. Also another reason the Duchess may not want to reveal the true killer to the children because maybe she doesn’t want them to think about getting revenge and ruin the relationship between uncle Edward and the children. I believe keeping a secret is such a difficult task. I remember once I had a secret keep from me and the truth was blurted out in a cruel manner to me. It was horrible scenery. 

  12. SW

    3) The anxieties that preoccupy the citizens are thing like not knowing who to turn to in a time of need. Because all the other leaders and rulers have been killed and seems like there will be no end to the violence, so they have a hard time figuring out who they can turn to and who they can put their faith into to lead them. It’s kind of like the presidential campaign. People are looking for someone who’s sting enough and tan lead them out of this recession. But it’s hard for us to put our faith in someone because for the past couple of years, when we did put our faith into these presidents, they let us down because they filled our hearts with empty promises and we’ve become hesitant in trusting someone else to lead our country.

  13. SW

    4) this shows that Richard has always been an evil and vindictive child. It shows that Richard doesn’t only hurt people that he barely knows, it also shows that he sometimes hurt the ones that loved him the most. It may also show that Richards mom might not have raised him right and it may be her fault as to why he acts the way he does. He’s power hunger and maybe his mom raised him to always go after what he wants and to never give up no matter how hard the struggle is; like many parents teach their children today. I don’t really get into fights with family members that often. But when I get into fights wit some of my friends I always say things that I don’t mean. But they seem appropriate at the moment. They say you speak the truth with you’re mad, but I honestly believe everything that we say out of anger is just empty words. Majority of the time, we don’t mean the things we say but say them anyway because we know that it will her the other persons feelings. After a fight like that, I usually just keep my distance from that person until I’m sure that I’m strong enough and I know that I wont say any more hurtful things to them. Then we realize that maybe we were both wrong for the things we said to each other and we make up.

  14. A.N.G

    I think these cruel and horrible things that are said about Richard only solidifies who he truly is and what the people around him believe. As far as his mother I think is shows that she has no real love for her son and that she kind of never really loved him. This probably adds fuel to the fire because instead of him being able to heal the hurt he really has no one to turn to or to really love him for who he is, which explaians his heartlessness. Richard does not know how to love! I think everyone has got into a fight like that, I think that’s a process of growth. In that moment you don’t really feel like you love that person. There’s so much anger there that you almost can’t stop yourself from saying the most hurtful thing. You only really realize what you said after everything is settlled and by then it’s said and done. I make amends by just saying what needs to be said in a better way that way the person is able to hear you minus the rage.

  15. G.H.

    3. The citizens are worried about the death of the king because with the king dead they are worried about who will rule over his place. With the king dead they are curious of how the kingdom will change since the other king may alternate the current rules and change it for the worst. The citizens’s concerns relate to us today since our economy and rules aren’t working out well so far. Our concern for now is worrying about choosing the true president who can provide the needs us citizens are lingering for to better our country.

  16. G.H.

    4. Even Richard’s mother has nothing good to say about Richard because of all the evils he has revealed ever since he was young. Seeing Richard grow up as a child she has seen his corrupt characteristics. This shows that Richard is unlovable and unwanted. This also shows that the mother has lost faith of Richard knowing that he won’t be able to change for the better. I remember getting in a argument with my cousin about something very silly and at that moment I had really wanted to fight him. Later on thinking about felt horrible that the fight had even started. Arguing someone close creates an awkward feeling indicating that the relationship needs to be rebuilt. After I had an argument with my cousin we solved the problem by apologizing and explaining to each other what a silly mistake we’ve made.

  17. DZ

    1. Richard makes Edward accept the responsibility for Clarence’s death by claiming that because Edward placed Clarence in jail, he is at fault for the death. I have been blamed a few times for another’s actions, mostly in my family. I once passed the blame to my little brother, but I was 10 and did not wanted to be punished.

  18. DZ

    2. She wanted to protect her children from the pain of losing someone and mostly like them at a later and more mature age. Yes, it was more of a web of secrets though. The level of angry I experience from being told a secret that was kept from me depends on the who, what, why and how long it has been kept. I don’t like secrets, I need to know what is going on.

  19. DZ

    3. The worry about the future after the death of the king. Similar to today, if the leader of an empire dies, the people get worried about the replacement and how their lives will change from this.

  20. DZ

    4. His mother’s lines justifies Richard’s characterization. He’s intention of being the villain has been given some background as his mother talks of Richard’s childhood. It shows that Richard was born as ugly inside as his outside and that his mother knows that her child is indeed evil, but hopes that he would change. I think that the arguments between family and friends are needed to test your relationships. The strengthen of those relationship is determined how fast one can recover from a intense moment of hate. Arguing in my family is simple, two people yell really loud, my dad breaks something, we all go to bed, the next day my dad buy a new version of the thing he broke, and repeat. Arguing among my friend is more serious though, a lot of talking and understanding.

  21. H.M.S.

    1. Richard manipulates Edward into accepting responsibility for Clarence’s death by blaming him for not getting the “countermand” to the murders fast enough. I have been blamed for quite a few things that I haven’t done. But, I have also gotten others in trouble for something that I did. Depending on the situation, I would speak up or may not have been the first to raise my hand and admit my fault. These experiences were life lessons, when you’re proved innocent, don’t rub in it, and when the innocent is found guilty, they probably were guilty of another crime and this is making up for it. It’s a cycle.
    2. The Duchess kept their fathers’ death away from Clarence’s children because she didn’t think they were mature enough to handle it. Because they are children, she wanted to keep them in ignorant bliss for as long as possible. And maybe she didn’t want to be the deliverer of bad news. I’m not very good with secrets because usually I forget whatever it is almost immediately or if someone wants to share a secret that would greatly affect me, if it’s only going to make me feel bad, I choose not to hear it. If I’m the one keeping the secret, unless I’m directly involved, quite frankly, it’s none of my business, but if I am, I’ll probably try to diffuse the situation the best way I can. When I find something important that has been kept from me, I think about how long it will affect me and depending on that determines how much I care.
    3.Specific anxieties that preoccupy the citizens are that troubled times are in their future because of who the new king might be, especially if it’s a child. And they are already aware of how corrupt Richard is and don’t want him to rule. And finally, they want the new king to be of royal blood. I think, we don’t want a corrupt or unfair president. I think we, like the citizens, just want a ruler who can get us out of trouble and have a prosperous term.
    4. The fact that even Richards mother has only horrible things to say about him says a couple things. First, that his mother never truly loved him and he probably grew up with a tainted mentality. Second, Richard must feel alone in this world, to him he has nothing, no love, looks, power(not yet anyways) and so he feels he must take it from the cruel world that he feels he lives in. I have gotten into fights with my parents and siblings that I’ve wanted to hurt in that moment with my words, but it was probably pre-meditated so they should’ve known it was coming. I don’t think that anyone feels like they’re on top of the world after hurting someone’s feelings. I usually don’t apologize, because I usually mean what I say, but I kind of let it simmer out and then try to talk to them and see where it goes from there.

  22. RM

    1) Richard makes Edward accept responsibility for Clarence’s death by stating that because Edward put Clarence in jail, it’s his fault that Clarence was killed. I have been blamed for something I didn’t do, I remember when I was five years old, I attended a day camp and a student accused me of squeezing the water feeder for the fish, which was false. The counselor removed me, and when I was asked if I did it I told the truth, NO. I was removed and put into another room, and kept asking kids for the time since no one was looking after me nor did I had a watch. Guess I was trying to count down till it was time to leave. I told my mom what had happened and I choose not to attend another camp since.

  23. RM

    2) The Duchess does not tell children about Clarence’s death because she doesn’t want them to deal with the fact of losing someone at a young age. When one is young they are considered pure and innocent because they haven’t experienced much pain, but to tell these children may lead to loss of innocence. I have had secrets kept from me, and I do understand that people do it because they truly love us, and they don’t want us to lose our innocence. I used to have this view that secrets are wrong, and don’t keep them, but then I think of poor innocent children, even adults and being the person to take their innocence away from them. I do see how difficult it really is to make that type of decision. Plus there is controversy that if one doesn’t tell children the truth then they won’t be prepared for the real world. On the other hand, I feel the truth should always be told. Most likely I would prefer secrets not be kept from me, I like to know “the truth and nothing but the truth.”

  24. RM

    3) Anxieties that preoccupy the citizens are the death of the king. Many people worry who will take the kings place and what is going to happen. If Richard becomes king then many worry that his behavior could end up hurting the country, which one can’t blame them for feeling that way. It reminds me a little bit about us, and electing candidates since everyone is trying to find that “perfect” candidate. We worry that if we elect the wrong person we are stuck with them for four years, and there is no idea what they could possibility do to our nation and to us as citizens.

  25. S.L.

    1. Yes, I have gotten blamed for something I did not do. My aunt, that did not know me well enough to know that I do not steal, accused me of stealing her iPod nano. Little did she know, my mom was sending me one in the mail for my birthday. When she did find her iPod she apologized to me but by that time my 12 year old mind was made up. Tia Sonia was not someone I liked.
    2.No, I have never kept a terrible secret from anyone. If I have to keep it a secret from them then its something I should not be doing. I try to do right by all of my peers.

    3.People are worried about losing their leader and what happens after the leader is lost. Corruption and chaos may take place after.

    4. Even Richard’s own mother has nothing but horrible things to say about him (II.4). What does this reveal about Richard? About his mother? Have you ever gotten into a fight with a parent or sibling or someone you deeply love, but whom you want to hurt in that moment with your words? How does it feel being so hurt that you have to resort to saying the most horrible words you can think of at the moment? How do you calm afterwards and make amends?

    4.This reveals that Richard’s mother doesn’t think much of him and she doesn’t approve of his actions. I never tried to intentionally hurt someone’s feelings with words. I don’t know what it feels like to say horrible things to someone when I’m upset. I try to avoid confrontation.

  26. K.t

    Richard makes Edward accept the idea that he killed Clarence by stating that he tried to kill hom first. He accomplished this because he made sure that Edward felt guilty. I actually have been accused of something I didnt do and it has made me feel horrible about myself even though I did not do anything. I have also gotten someone else in trouble for something I did although I didnt accuse the person. I just witheld the truth. I felt really bad and in some cases I owned up to the cause.
    2. The dutchess doesnt tell the kids about their father’s death because she doesnt want them to feel any type of pain. She shields them from being hurt by not telling them. I have kept a huge secret and throughout the process I have felt really guilty until the point that I confessed. I have also bren kept secrets from and by close friends and family which hurt me the most. It hurt not because it was kept from me but because I was under the impression that we had a close bond.
    3. The citizens are anxious because there is no one to lea them. It does relate to us because if Obama were to die, we would all freak out for some time.
    4. What this reveals is that richard has done nothing but bad things his whole life and also that he has iternal conflicts. I have gotten into a fight with someone I care about and have hurt thrm with my words because I was angry at the moment. Usually, it feels horrible afterwards even if the person hurt me. Finally, I make amends by apologizing.

  27. RM

    4) What this reveals about Richard is even as a child he has carried the same terrible behavior. The fact that his mother talks badly about her own child shows how much she thinks he’s evil and wishes he would change his ways. Everyone has been in some type of situation with their family; some are more heated than others. I try to avoid altercation with family as much as possible. Sometimes we may see things different, but it doesn’t mean one stops loving one because of a passionate argument. Some may believe that arguing with family is a way to release negative tensions between each other, and may be normal as long as it doesn’t lead to violence. Usually people say hurtful things when they are hurt. I believe this is where communication ties into this, if you don’t communicate with your family, the feelings one has then one might hold it inside and just release them one day. I try to communicate with my mom about anything that may bother me. Sometimes the argument makes no sense, and is completely unnecessary that I may laugh.

  28. CG

    1. Richard makes Edward accept responsibility for Clarence’s death by saying that it’s his fault because he put Clarence in jail. I have gotten blamed for something I didn’t do and it was not a great feeling knowing that I didn’t do anything wrong but that I was still getting in trouble for it. A few times, I’ve gotten my brother in trouble for something I did, but I always end up feeling bad and end up taking the blame for it.

    2. The Dutchess does not tell Clarence’s children about their father’s death because she thinks they are too young to deal with the grief. I have witnessed my grandma keeping a secret from my cousin about her dad because she didn’t want to hurt her, but my cousin found out anyway, and didn’t want to tell my grandma because she didn’t want to hurt my grandma. They were both keeping the same secret to protect each other, but I feel that secrets should be kept if it’s in the best interest of the other person. Although I was aware that they both knew about the secret, I didn’t want to say anything because I felt like it was between the three of them; however, if an important secret is being kept from me, I would feel bad because I would want to know.

    3. The citizens are anxious because of the death of their king. These concerns connect to the death of North Korea leader Kim Jong-il. His people were saddened by his death since he was so influential.

    4. Richard’s mother has nothing but horrible things to say about him because she knows he is a truly evil person filled with malice. This reveals that Richard is truly a terrible person. It also reveals that his mother knows her son and does not think highly of him. I have gotten into arguments with my mom and we both say things we don’t mean because we are mad, but afterwards we feel bad about it. When I calm down after a while I apologize if I am wrong.

  29. T.L.

    1. Richard makes Edward believe that he is responsible for Clarence’s death. Richard makes it seem like Edward sent assassins to kill Clarence due to the prophecy he received earlier on in the play. Edward is lead to believe that Clarence will be the one to kill him and therefore Edward sends Clarence to prison. Richard also implies that Clarence would still be alive if Edward had not thrown in him in prison leaving him susceptible to murderers

  30. EL

    1 ) He made Edward take responsibility simply by making him feel guilty. i have een blamed by something i didnt do. It always happened in elementary school and mostly at home with my sister. Everytime a kid next to me did something bad i would be blamed. The experience is like “what the f#$% ? What did i do?” and then i would just get into more trouble for getting mad.

    2) She didnt tell the children that their father died in order to protect them from suffering a horrible situation. I never had to keep a horrible secret from someone but if i did it would be hard for me to do it. I would be wondering how can i tell this person this horrible secret. They have to find out somehow.If a secret was kept from me i would be devastated and mad at the person for not telling me sooner.

    3) The citizens are anxious because they dont have a King to lead their country and this could lead into chaos. THis connects with our concerns with global warming. People are concerned with the world and if it will really be destroyed by December of .

    4) This reveals that Richard is an evil monster who is hated by his own family. THis reveals that his mother must of had a hard time with Richard. IT has happened to me too many times where i got into a fight with my parents and i say something i regret and i get into big trouble. It feels horrible and in order to calm down i need to be pulled away from the situation in a room for 15 minutes.

  31. T.L.

    2. The Duchess doesn’t want to tell the children about Clarence death because she doesn’t want them to suffer through pain and lost. The Duchess wants the children to live without the burden of knowing that their father is dead. Also, explaining to the children how he was killed and by whom causes more strife. I have had secrets kept from me but none that really pertained to me directly. However, I’ve had to keep secrets and that’s not an easy task sometimes especially when you’re keeping someone else’s secrets. On the other hand, whenever I find out a secret I kind of feel like I’ve been left out of the loop and that makes me trust people less and less.

  32. T.L.

    3. The citizens are anxious because King Edward is dead and his sons are too young to rule the country. Therefore, the country is lacking stability and the citizens don’t know who to turn to. I personally have no connection to what the citizens are feeling because I have never seen a death of president and even if the president were to die we have a system that ensures that the country will always have a leader

  33. T.L.

    4. Richard’s mother has nothing kind to say about him because since he was young he had evil tendencies and she feels like she raised a monster. The Duchess doesn’t believe Richard when he says that nothing is ever his fault and what he does do it is for love, showing that she believes that he is beyond the point of salvation. I have had fights with my mother and at the time I said some things that I actually meant and when the fight was over I didn’t feel the need to apologize because I really meant what I said. However, after every fight with my mother, I make myself something to eat and listen to music because food and music make me happy.

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